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Amidst impending climate change and enhanced pollution levels around the globe, the need of the hour is to develop bio-based materials that are sustainable and possess comparable performance properties to their synthetic counterparts. In light of the aforementioned, numerous investigations are being conducted to identify, process, and create materials that are concurrently innocuous towards the environment and have superior properties. This book is a collection of such scientific articles that propagate novel ideas for the development of polymeric composite materials, which have application potential in numerous fields such as medicine, automobile, aviation, construction, etc. It also contains a pedagogical article that proposes some strategies to continue experimental research during pandemics. This book will provide readers a quick glance into recent developments regarding polymeric materials and will encourage them to propagate these research ideas further.

History of engineering & technology --- solid urban waste --- formaldehyde --- durability --- electrical properties --- mechanical properties --- recycling --- epoxy resin --- flammability --- heat release rate --- microscale combustion calorimetry --- multiple linear regression --- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system --- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) --- bionanocomposites --- nanomechanical behaviour --- thin films --- particle size --- model free --- model fitting --- avrami–eroféev --- DAEM --- superhydrophobic surfaces --- self-healing --- natural hierarchical microstructures --- wood --- bio-composite --- linear low density polyethylene --- performance --- straws --- biocomposites --- nanofibers --- electrospinning --- cell culture --- graphene oxide --- barrier properties --- poly(lactic acid) --- clay --- nanocomposite --- permeability --- bacterial cellulose --- metal organic framework --- adsorption --- chitosan --- composite nanofibers --- silk fibroin --- polycaprolactone --- Taguchi --- rheological properties --- DMA --- injection molding --- thermal properties --- natural fibers --- biochar --- carbon fillers --- nanocomposites --- flame retardants --- fire --- n/a --- PHB --- natural fiber --- compatibilizer --- cellulose --- biocomposite --- avrami-eroféev

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Over the few coming decades, bio-based and biodegradable plastics produced from sustainable bioresources should essentially substitute the prevalent synthetic plastics produced from exhaustible hydrocarbon fossils. To the greatest extend, this innovative trend has to apply to the packaging manufacturing area and especially to food packaging implementation. To supply the rapid production increment of biodegradable plastics, there must be provided the effective development of scientific-technical potential that promotes the comprehensive exploration of their structural, functional, and dynamic characteristics. In this regard, the transition from passive barrier materials preventing water and oxygen transport as well as bacteria infiltration to active functional packaging that ensures gas diffusion selectivity, antiseptics' and other modifiers' release should be based on the thorough study of biopolymer crystallinity, morphology, diffusivity, controlled biodegradability and life cycle assessment. This Special Issue accumulates the papers of international teams that devoted to scientific and industrial bases providing the biodegradable material development in the barrier and active packaging as well as in agricultural applications. We hope that book will bring great interest to the experts in the area of sustainable biopolymers.

Research & information: general --- bio-HDPE --- GA --- natural additives --- thermal resistance --- UV stability --- food packaging --- antimicrobial properties --- polyethylene --- birch bark extract --- ultrasound --- thermoplastic starch --- biodegradation --- permeability --- diffusion --- sorption --- porous membranes --- hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers --- PLA bottle --- bio-based and biodegradable polymers --- life cycle assessment --- environmental impact --- ReCiPe2016 method --- packaging material --- bio-based polymer composite --- natural rubber --- water absorption --- mycological test --- biodegradability --- mechanical properties --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) --- polylactic acid (PLA) --- biomaterials --- gas permeability --- gas diffusion --- segmental dynamics --- electron spin resonance (ESR) --- scanning electron microscopy (SEM) --- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-methyl-3-hydroxyvalerate) --- hydrolysis --- pancreatic lipase --- mechanical behavior --- chitosan --- polymeric films --- crosslinking --- genipin --- sorption isotherm --- degree of crosslinking --- polylactide --- poly(ethyleneglycol) --- blending under shear deformations --- electrospinning --- oil absorption --- Monte Carlo --- bio-based polymers --- biodegradable packaging --- biopolymer structure --- encapsulation --- life cycle analysis

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Amidst impending climate change and enhanced pollution levels around the globe, the need of the hour is to develop bio-based materials that are sustainable and possess comparable performance properties to their synthetic counterparts. In light of the aforementioned, numerous investigations are being conducted to identify, process, and create materials that are concurrently innocuous towards the environment and have superior properties. This book is a collection of such scientific articles that propagate novel ideas for the development of polymeric composite materials, which have application potential in numerous fields such as medicine, automobile, aviation, construction, etc. It also contains a pedagogical article that proposes some strategies to continue experimental research during pandemics. This book will provide readers a quick glance into recent developments regarding polymeric materials and will encourage them to propagate these research ideas further.

solid urban waste --- formaldehyde --- durability --- electrical properties --- mechanical properties --- recycling --- epoxy resin --- flammability --- heat release rate --- microscale combustion calorimetry --- multiple linear regression --- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system --- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) --- bionanocomposites --- nanomechanical behaviour --- thin films --- particle size --- model free --- model fitting --- avrami–eroféev --- DAEM --- superhydrophobic surfaces --- self-healing --- natural hierarchical microstructures --- wood --- bio-composite --- linear low density polyethylene --- performance --- straws --- biocomposites --- nanofibers --- electrospinning --- cell culture --- graphene oxide --- barrier properties --- poly(lactic acid) --- clay --- nanocomposite --- permeability --- bacterial cellulose --- metal organic framework --- adsorption --- chitosan --- composite nanofibers --- silk fibroin --- polycaprolactone --- Taguchi --- rheological properties --- DMA --- injection molding --- thermal properties --- natural fibers --- biochar --- carbon fillers --- nanocomposites --- flame retardants --- fire --- n/a --- PHB --- natural fiber --- compatibilizer --- cellulose --- biocomposite --- avrami-eroféev

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Nowadays, we are witnessing highly dynamic research activities related to the intriguing field of biodegradable materials with plastic-like properties. These activities are stimulated by the strengthened public awareness of prevailing ecological issues connected to growing piles of plastic waste and increasing greenhouse gas emissions; this goes hand-in-hand with the ongoing depletion of fossil feedstocks, which are traditionally used to produce full carbon backbone polymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters, a family of plastic-like materials with versatile material properties, are increasing considered to be a future-oriented solution for diminishing these concerns. PHA production is based on renewable resources and occurs in a bio-mediated fashion through the action of living organisms. If accomplished in an optimized way, PHA production and the entire PHA lifecycle are embedded into nature´s closed cycles of carbon. Sustainable and efficient PHA production requires understanding and improvement of all the individual process steps. Holistic improvement of PHA production, applicable on an industrially relevant scale, calls for, inter alia, consolidated knowledge about the enzymatic and genetic particularities of PHA-accumulating organisms, an in-depth understanding of the kinetics of the bioprocess, the selection of appropriate inexpensive fermentation feedstocks, tailoring of PHA composition at the level of its monomeric constituents, optimized biotechnological engineering, and novel strategies for PHA recovery from biomass characterized by low energy and chemical requirements. This Special Issue represents a comprehensive compilation of articles in which these individual aspects have been addressed by globally recognized experts.

Cupriavidus necator --- alginate --- tissue engineering --- PAT --- simulation --- terpolyester --- high cell density cultivation --- process simulation --- selective laser sintering --- gaseous substrates --- microaerophilic --- in-line monitoring --- Pseudomonas sp. --- additive manufacturing --- fed-batch --- terpolymer --- on-line --- bubble column bioreactor --- biopolymer --- fused deposition modeling --- biomaterials --- polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) --- Pseudomonas putida --- fed-batch fermentation --- blends --- upstream processing --- wound healing --- activated charcoal --- downstream processing --- Archaea --- polyhydroxyalkanoates processing --- film --- bioreactor --- medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) --- Ralstonia eutropha --- hydrolysate detoxification --- extremophiles --- Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) --- process analytical technologies --- PHA composition --- COMSOL --- non-Newtonian fluid --- tequila bagasse --- biopolyester --- biosurfactants --- Haloferax --- PHA --- phenolic compounds --- polyhydroxybutyrate --- PHB --- in-line --- Pseudomonas --- haloarchaea --- plant oil --- PHA processing --- bioeconomy --- delivery system --- P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB) --- productivity --- electrospinning --- cyanobacteria --- waste streams --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- oxygen transfer --- polyhydroxyalkanoate --- biomedical application --- photon density wave spectroscopy --- carbon dioxide --- salinity --- PDW --- rheology --- halophiles --- feedstocks --- high-cell-density fed-batch --- biomedicine --- process engineering --- bioprocess design --- viscosity --- computer-aided wet-spinning --- microorganism --- Cupriavidus malaysiensis --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHVB)

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Continuous research advances have been observed in the field of environmentally-friendly polymers and polymer composites due to the dependence of polymers on fossil fuels and the sustainability issues related to plastic wastes. This book compiles the most recent research works in biopolymers, their blends and composites, and the use of natural additives, such as vegetable oils and other renewable and waste-derived liquids, with their marked environmental efficiency devoted to developing novel sustainable materials. Therefore, Environmentally Friendly Polymers and Polymer Composites provides an overview to scientists of the potential of these environmentally friendly materials and helps engineers to apply these new materials for industrial purposes.

Research & information: general --- PLA --- PCL --- TPS --- biopolymer blends --- mechanical properties --- compostable plastics --- green composites --- natural fillers --- poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) --- almond shell flour (ASF) --- poly (lactic acid) (PLA) --- poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) --- binary blends --- shape memory behaviour --- polymer‒matrix composites (PMCs) --- thermomechanical --- electron microscopy --- compatibilizers --- poly(lactic acid) (PLA) --- natural fibre (NF) --- nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) --- flammability --- crab shell --- chitin --- spherical microgels --- reverse micelle --- gelation --- chitosan (CS) --- anti-oxidant --- anti-apoptotic activity --- rotenone --- Parkinson’s disease (PD) --- composite materials --- hybrid resin --- natural reinforcement --- non-uniformities --- mechanical behavior --- antifungal activity --- dendrimer --- Origanum majorana L. essential oil --- Phytophthora infestans --- maleinized linseed oil MLO --- poly(lactic acid) --- diatomaceous earth --- biocomposites --- active containers --- polymer mixtures --- blends --- cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) --- polypropylene --- high impact polystyrene --- compatibilization --- PHB --- PHBV --- rice husk --- biosustainability --- waste valorization --- bacterial cellulose --- natural rubber --- reinforcing --- biodegradable polymers --- Arboform --- epoxidized oil --- maleinized linseed oil --- toughness --- thermal stability --- pectin --- food packaging --- active compounds --- agro-waste residues --- circular economy --- graphene oxide --- size selection --- sodium alginate --- bio-based polymers --- biodegradable polyesters --- wood plastic composites --- natural additives and fillers --- composites characterization --- bioplastics manufacturing